Morphology and Classification Plant Carrots

Morphology and Classification Plant Carrots (Daucus carota L).

1.      Plant Systematics Carrots

In the system of plants (taxonomy), carrot plants are classified as follows:
Devisio: Spermatophyta
Sub devisio: Angiospermae
Class: dicotyledon
Order: Umbelliferales
Family: Umbelliferae
Genus: Daucus
Species: Daucus carota L. (Cahyono, 2002 in (Pohan, 2008)).

2.      Carrot Plant Morphology .

2.1  leaf
Carrot leaves are compound pinnate double two or three , children are lancet -shaped leaves ( lines ) . Each plant has a size 5-7 petiole rather long . Petiole stiff and thick with a smooth surface , while the leaf blade limp and thin.

2.2  Rod
Carrot plant stems are so short that barely visible , round rods , tidakberkayu , somewhat hard , and small diameter ( approximately 1-1.5 cm ) . In general, dark green stems . Unbranched stems of plants , but overgrown by measuring tangkaidaun long , so it looks like branching.

2.3  Roots
Plant carrots have fibrous root system and riding. In the taproot growth will change the shape and function of the storage of food reserves. Root form will turn into a big elongated and round, until it reaches a diameter of 6 cm and a length of up to 30 cm, depending on varieties. Taproot that has changed form and function is often called or known as “Carrot Root”.

2.4  Interest
Flowers grow carrot plants at the end of the crop , double umbrella -shaped , and white or pale pink . Flowers have short stalks and thick . Flower petals lie in the same plane . Who had experienced carrot flower pollination will produce fruit and seeds are small and furry (Cahyono, 2007 in (Keliat, 2008)).

2.5  Bulbs
Carrot is a tuber vegetable crop season, shaped shrub that can be grown throughout the year, both in the wet and dry seasons. The trunk is short and stable roots whose function turns round and elongated . Color reddish yellow bulbs, have a very high carotene, carrots Bulbs also contain B vitamins, vitamin C and minerals (faithful, 1995dalam ( Pohan, 2008)).

Cahyono (2002) in (Rini, 2010) said that at first only known a few varieties of carrot , but with the development of human civilization and technology, today has found new varieties that are superior to previous generations. Carrot varieties are divided into three groups based on the shape of the tuber, which is the type of Imperator, Chantenay and Nantes.

·         Type Imperator has elliptical bulbs with the pointy end (resembling a cone), length 20-30 cm bulbs, and less sweet flavor that is less favored by consumers.

·         Chantenay type has a bulb elliptic with blunt ends, the length between 15-20 cm, and a sweet taste that is preferred by consumers.

·         Type of Nantes has a bulb -shaped transition between Imperator types and types of Chantenay, namely the short round with a length of 5-6 cm or slightly rounded shape with a length of 10-15 cm length.
Of the three groups , varieties including Chantenay into groups that can deliver results (output) of the most good, so that the most widely developed.